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In the War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814), a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and a number of German States finally defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba. After Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia, the continental powers who had been humiliated by Napoleon in various wars saw an opportunity to defeat him and joined the coalition which previously consisted only of Russia, Britain and the rebels in Spain and Portugal. With their armies reorganized along more Napoleonic lines, they drove Napoleon out of Germany in 1813 and invaded France in 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate and restoring the House of Bourbon.